| Past Simple | Present Perfect | |
|---|---|---|
| Says when | Yes: yesterday, in 2014, last year | No: up to today |
| Formula | verb in the past (column 2) | have/has + participio (columna 3) |
| Example | I won a match yesterday. | I have won 50 matches. |
| Negative | didn't + base | haven't / hasn't + participio |
Ten years ago, Andrés was a shy kid who hated speaking in class. In 2016 he moved from Buenaventura to Cali and started at a new school where nobody knew him. Since then, everything has changed. He has joined the theatre club, he has performed in six plays and he has won a regional speaking contest. Last year he travelled to Bogotá for the national final and finished second. «I didn't lose», he says. «I have gained a voice.» His teachers have noticed the difference: the boy who never raised his hand has become the student who never puts it down.